College of Education
For the past fifteen years and continuing into the present millennium, John Goodlad, Ken Sirotnik,
Roger Soder and hundreds of educators across the nation have been involved in a major and complex
educational change effort. This effort has come to be known as the Agenda for Education in a Democracy.
The organizations conducting this effort are the Center for Educational Renewal (CER) at the University of
Washington and its sister, off-campus organization, the Institute for Educational Inquiry (IEI). The primary
collaborative organization of schools and colleges/universities through which many of the initiatives have
played out is the National Network for Educational Renewal (NNER).
Members of the Network assert that quality schooling for a democracy and quality preparation of
educators can best be accomplished by sharing responsibility for the following actions:
- pursuing an Agenda for Education in a Democracy engaging university faculty in the arts and
sciences, with faculty members in education and the public schools as equal partners collectively
responsible for the Agenda;
- including partnership settings across the nation that together represent urban, suburban and rural
communities, ethnically and socioeconomically diverse public school and university students, and
a broad range of public and private teacher education institutions of varying sizes and missions;
- inquiring into and conducting research pertinent to educational practices and the renewal of public
schools and the education of educators.
The Agenda for Education in a Democracy
The use of the "agenda" is intended to suggest a complex, long-term, morally grounded initiative
that has required major commitments over much time by major players devoted to the hard work of authentic
educational renewal. Three interconnecting features describe the essence of the Agenda:
- a four-part mission -- Moral Dimensions;
- an overarching strategy -- the simultaneous renewal of schools and the education of educators);
and
- a specific, idea-driven set of problems or conditions -- 20 postulates for the education of teachers
-- on which to focus renewal efforts.
Operational Goals
The NNER pursues the Agenda for Education in a Democracy and its implementation in member
settings, with other educators and partnerships, and in policy arenas at the state, regional and national levels.
The Network carries out this commitment through the following practices:
- continuing to serve as a laboratory and proofing ground for implementing the Agenda and further
testing its specific components for validity and application within varying contexts;
- synthesizing and sharing knowledge and experiences that relate to the work of the Network in the
design of excellent programs for the education of educators, the evolution of partner/professional
development schools, and issues of governance and partnership embedded in the Agenda.
- providing incentives, means and opportunities for its members to share ideas, concerns and
possibilities;
- facilitating visits among settings and organizing regular meetings of the NNER:
- assisting member settings by facilitating fiscal support through external funding for work on the
Agenda;
- expanding the community through offering opportunities for deepening understanding and
furthering implementation of the Agenda in other settings interested in and committed to the
mission, conditions, and strategies for simultaneous renewal;
- increasing its membership to include additional settings committed to the work whose presence
within the Network would advance the Agenda;
- disseminating information about the implementation of the NNER agenda through electronic
networks, publications and presentations to the university and P-12 colleagues, policy makers and
others at the national, state and local level;
- engaging in ongoing conversations within and across Network settings, and with policy makers
and other interested parties advocating for the Agenda and its implications for education in the
United States and other aspiring democracies.
The Moral Dimensions
The Agenda emerged naturally out of the conceptual work leading to the book The Moral Dimensions
of Teaching, combined with the findings from the Study of the Education of Educators. Four morally-based
dimensions were proposed to ground the Agenda:
- Enculturating the young in a social and political democracy. "Enculturation" is meant to
convey the idea of preparing future citizens for a "cultural democracy", one marked by the
consensus and commonality required for a healthy and functioning civic and democratic society. It
is not intended to convey the idea of assimilation or "melting pot" and the loss of important group
identities defined by race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and so forth.
- Providing access to knowledge for all children and youths. Data from the earlier Study of
Schooling confirmed in powerful ways the morally indefensible practices of deliberate and
sustained tracking of students. Given the potential power of the variety of instructional practices in
the repertoire of good teachers, the only reasonable and responsible conclusion is to prepare
good teachers, develop good curricula, and not place structural road blocks in the way of students'
access to good pedagogical practices.
- Practicing a nurturing pedagogy. Taking seriously the art and science of teaching is
indispensable to a morally based agenda for education in a democracy. "Art and science" has
been used more as a metaphor then as a specific way to refer to teaching; much of what
constitutes good pedagogy can be taught and experienced, and that is why good teacher
education programs are essential.
- Ensuring responsible stewardship of schools. Educators must take responsibility for much
more than just their classrooms and students. They, with their colleagues, must be responsible for
the whole of the organization. What goes on between those who teach and those who are taught
has much to do with what goes on in the larger educational organization, what decisions are made
(and not made) at organizational levels that can impact profoundly what happens in smaller units,
like classrooms. All educators, therefore, must see themselves, in a way, as educational leaders,
as keepers and nurturers of core values and actions, regardless of their assigned roles.
Strategy
Nothing short of the simultaneous renewal of both schools and the education of educators is
necessary for fundamental educational improvement. The argument is as simple in theory as it is difficult in
practice: you can't have better schools without better teachers, and you can't have better teachers without
better schools. The word "simultaneous," of course, is not meant to suggest literal coincidence of all activities,
but rather the coming together of equal partners to meet self-interests while solving common problems - in
effect, the principle underlying good school-university partnership. Moreover, use of the word "renewal" is
deliberate, given the long history of Goodlad and colleagues advocating for long-term, collaborative change
efforts versus the kind of top-down, under-funded "reform" efforts characterizing external accountability
mandates.
Guiding Principles for Action -- The 20 Postulates
It is important to emphasize that the mission above was not meant to apply only to K-12 schools; they
applied equally well to post secondary and higher education, and particularly to the principles and practices in
"ed schools" and their teacher education programs. But how the mission and strategy played out still required
a more specific set of guiding principles that were clear about necessary conditions, but that left room for
creative implementation. These conditions made up the third part of the Agenda, and were the "postulates"
that both guided and were reaffirmed by the previous Study of the Education of Educators. Additionally,
necessary conditions for partner or professional development schools emerged from NNER research as well
as those for "centers of pedagogy", the latter being long advocated by the project for bringing together
partner schools, participating arts and sciences faculty, and teacher education programs under one,
autonomous and responsible, organizational unit.
The 20 Postulates in a "nutshell"
- Structural conditions that specify the importance of institutional leadership, commitment, and
support; fair and appropriate reward systems for faculty; and autonomy and fiscal security for the
programs. (Postulates One through Three)
- Faculty (clinical and academic) responsibilities that specify clearly who are accountable for all
aspects of program delivery and who are qualified to teach in and select students for the program.
(Postulates Four through Six)
- Programmatic responsibilities pertaining to selecting and ensuring well-educated, self-actualized,
caring, critically inquiring, and civic-minded future educators who see these same features
modeled by programs morally committed to both equity and excellence. (Postulates Seven
through Thirteen)
- Curricular conditions that specify the importance of programs that help students challenge
constructively the status quo of schooling, place cohorts of students in exemplary partner schools,
prepare students to deal with the realities of schooling, and maintain linkages with graduates to
both support them and evaluate the program. (Postulates Fourteen through Seventeen)
- Regulatory and policy conditions that specify licensing, certification, and accreditation
requirements consistent with all of the postulates and allowing no backdoor entry routes into the
teaching profession. (Postulates Eighteen through Twenty)
Projects/Activities
The NNER now consists of 17 settings in 15 different states comprising 40 colleges and universities
(and their teacher education programs) in collaboration with over 700 reported partner schools. (Some
settings were partnerships involving several or more universities.) A sample of key projects/activities include
such things as the:
- Leadership Institute, an IEI-based, capacity-building program that had trained 4 cohorts (113
school and university based educators) in four, five-day, inquiry-oriented seminars dispersed over
a calendar year, covering the many conceptual issues forming the Agenda;
- major incentive awards to NNER settings willing to tackle tough issues in renewing their programs
(e.g., moving to cohorts; increasing diversity, developing authentic partner schools, etc.);
- secondary partner school project to foster professional development schools at the more difficult
secondary level
- diversity in teaching and teacher education initiative to address the perennial concern of too few
people of color joining the ranks of the teaching profession;
- well-educated teacher initiative to focus on the education of future educators outside the schools
of education (the "pre-ed" curricula); and
- development of democratic character in the young initiative, focusing on the concepts of curricula
that every member of our social and political democracy - particularly those entrusted to teach the
nation's children - should experience .
NNER Members
- BYU-Public School Partnership
- California Polytechnic State University
- City University of New York and the New
York Public Schools
- Colorado Partnership for Educational
Renewal
- Connecticut School-University Partnership
- Hawaii Institute for Educational
Partnerships
- Metropolitan St. Louis Consortium for
Educational Renewal
- Miami University
- Nebraska Network for Educational Renewal
- New Jersey Network for Educational
Renewal at Montclair State University
- South Carolina Network for
Educational Renewal
- Southern Maine Partnership
- Texas A&M University
- University of Texas at El Paso
- University of Washington
- Wright State University
- Wyoming School-University
Partnership
Twenty Postulates Necessary for the Simultaneous Renewal
Of Schools and the Education of Educators
- Programs for the education of the nation's educators must be viewed by institutions offering them as a
major responsibility to society and be adequately supported and promoted and vigorously advanced
by the institution's top leadership.
- Programs for the education of educators must enjoy parity with other professional education
programs, full legitimacy and institutional commitment, and rewards for faculty geared to the nature of
the field. (Wording is changed from the original.)
- Programs for the education of educators must be autonomous and secure in their borders, with clear
organizational identity, constancy of budget and personnel, and decision-making authority similar to
that enjoyed by the major professional schools.
- There must exist a clearly identifiable group of academic and clinical faculty members for whom
teacher education is the top priority; the group must be responsible and accountable for selecting
diverse groups of students and monitoring their progress, planning and maintaining the full scope and
sequence of the curriculum, continuously evaluating and improving programs, and facilitating the entry
of graduates into teaching careers. (There is a slight addition to the original wording.)
- The responsible group of academic and clinical faculty members described above must have a
comprehensive understanding of the aims of education and the role of schools in our society and be
fully committed to selecting and preparing teachers to assume the full range of educational
responsibilities required.
- The responsible group of academic and clinical faculty members must seek out and select for a
predetermined number of student places in the program those candidates who reveal an initial
commitment to the moral, ethical, and enculturating responsibilities to be assumed, and make clear to
them that preparing for these responsibilities is central to this program. (This statement includes an
addition to the original.)
- Programs for the education of educators, whether elementary or secondary, must carry the
responsibility to ensure that all candidates progressing through them possess or acquire the literacy
and critical-thinking abilities associated with the concept of an educated person.
- Programs for the education of educators must provide extensive opportunities for future teachers to
move beyond being students of organized knowledge to become teachers who inquire into both
knowledge and its teaching.
- Programs for the education of educators must be characterized by a socialization process through
which candidates transcend their self-oriented student preoccupations to become more other-oriented
in identifying with a culture of teaching.
- Programs for the education of educators must be characterized in all respects by the conditions for
learning that future teachers are to establish in their own schools and classrooms.
- Programs for the education of educators must be conducted in such a way that teachers inquire into
the nature of teaching and schooling and assume that they will do so as a natural aspect of their
careers.
- Programs for the education of educators must involve future teachers in the issues and dilemmas that
emerge out of the never-ending tension between the rights and interests of individual parents and
interest groups and the role of schools in transcending parochialism and advancing community in a
democratic society. (This postulate has been slightly revised and expanded.)
- Programs for the education of educators must be infused with understanding of and commitment to
the moral obligation of teachers to ensure equitable access to and engagement in the best possible K-12 education for all children and youths.
- Programs for the education of educators must involve future teachers not only in understanding
schools as they are but in alternatives, the assumptions underlying alternatives, and how to effect
needed changes in school organization, pupil grouping, curriculum, and more.
- Programs for the education of educators must assure for each candidate the availability of a wide
array of laboratory settings for simulation, observation, hands-on experiences, and exemplary schools
for internships and residencies; they must admit no more students to their programs than can be
assured these quality experiences. (The word
simulation has been added to the original to include an
important characteristic of forward-looking programs.)
- Programs for the education of educators must engage future teachers in the problems and dilemmas
arising out of the inevitable conflicts and incongruities between what is perceived to work in practice
and the research and theory supporting other options. (Wording is changed slightly from the original.)
- Programs for the education of educators must establish linkages with graduates for purposes of both
evaluating and revising these programs and easing the critical early years of transition into teaching.
- Programs for the education of educators require a regulatory context with respect to licensing,
certifying, and accrediting that ensures at all times the presence of the necessary conditions
embraced by the seventeen preceding postulates. (This postulate has been substantially revised.)
- Programs for the education of educators must compete in an arena that rewards efforts to
continuously improve on the conditions embedded in all of the postulates and tolerates no shortcuts
intended to ensure a supply of teachers. (This postulate has been revised to be as constructive as
possible in its implications.)
- *Those institutions and organizations that prepare the nation's teachers, authorize their right to teach,
and employ them must fine-tune their individual and collaborative roles to support and sustain lifelong
teaching careers characterized try professional growth, service, and satisfaction. (added 2001)
Goodlad, John I. (1994). Educational Renewal: Better Teachers, Better Schools. San
Francisco: Jossey-Bass, pp. 72-93.
Brigham Young University-Public School Partnership
- Revised elementary teacher education program and developed exemplary elementary partner schools
- Created the Center for the Improvement of Teacher Education and Schooling (CITES--a center of
pedagogy) incorporating the K-12 schools, the departments of arts and sciences, and the School of
Education
- Developed a massive professional development program through leadership associates cohorts in
schools and at the university
- Created secondary partner schools that are parts of beginning efforts to revise the secondary preparation
program at the university
- Sustained a well-structured school-university partnership for fourteen years
- Produced a book about partner schools and a co-authored book about centers of pedagogy in the
Agenda for Education in a Democracy series
- Developed and implemented evaluation plans
- Established strong ties with the Utah State Department of Education
California Polytechnic State University
- Focused on heavily Latino elementary partner schools and partnership districts
- Continued to work out of center-of-pedagogy-type University Center for Teacher Education rather than
operating a separate college or department of education
- Developed partnerships with local school districts and set goals for accomplishments
- Initiated the expanded California Coalition for Educational Renewal, engaging other California institutions
and several private colleges and universities
- Provided a local leadership program so that school and university educators were grounded in a common
agenda
Colorado Partnership for Educational Renewal
- Created a number of well-funded, exemplary partner schools
- Developed and implemented a process for evaluating partner schools
- Made major revisions in the teacher education programs in all five institutions of higher education
- Supported efforts to link state standards efforts and school renewal
- Continued its support of school renewal activities for thirteen years and raised substantial outside funding
for these activities
- Initiated attention to gender and race issues
University of Connecticut
- Created exemplary partner schools in urban, suburban, and rural settings
- Developed a new, cohort-based, five-year teacher education program
- Created a center of pedagogy
- Published widely concerning its efforts, including a book in the Agenda for Education in a Democracy
series
- Built the moral grounding of education in a democracy into the teacher education curriculum
- Obtained a major endowment to support continuing work
University of Hawaii/Hawaii Institute for Educational Partnerships
- Revised the elementary and secondary teacher preparation programs, generated a large number of
partner schools to serve as clinical settings, and supported school renewal efforts in selected partner
school settings
- Provided a local associates program for participants in new teacher education programs and clinical
settings
- Initiated programs to recruit more teachers from underrepresented groups
- Obtained legislative support for a center of pedagogy in the form of the Hawaii Institute for Educational
Partnerships and initiated a policy center for the state
- Strengthened ties between arts and sciences departments and the College of Education
- Developed a new cohort-based principal-preparation program
Miami University of Ohio
- Developed exemplary partner schools
- Created model agreements for partner schools
- Worked to develop full-service schools
- Strengthened ties between the College of Arts and Science and the School of Education and Allied
Professions within the university
- Created the Institute for Educational Renewal to bring together representatives from the schools, arts and
sciences, education, and social services
Montclair State University/New Jersey Network for Educational Renewal
- Created a center of pedagogy
- Conducted successful local associates programs that have provided well-informed participants in teacher
education and school-renewal efforts
- Generated and evaluated partner (professional development) schools in urban and suburban settings as
a participant in National Education Association's Teacher Education Initiative (NEA/TEI)
- Extended original emphasis on critical thinking to broader issues of preparing teachers for their role in a
democratic society
- Developed and implemented a new Ed.D. program for teachers who will stay in the classroom but be in
major leadership roles in school renewal
Nebraska Network for Educational Renewal
- Provided local associates training that began the process of developing an informed cadre of change
agents
- Created a secretariat to support ongoing networking among the nine sites
- Developed at least one partner school per institution, some representing reasonably sophisticated
models; supported graduate study of the success of these efforts
- Linked representatives of institutions preparing teachers and school-based educators in a study of ethical
issues
- Involved the State Department of Education as a partner, with representatives attending leadership
program sessions
Metropolitan St. Louis Consortium for Educational Renewal
- Developed a joint center of pedagogy (the Center for Inquiry and Renewal) between Harris-Stowe State
College, Maryville University, the St. Louis Public Schools, and Parkway South School District
- Revised teacher education programs for blended cohorts in early childhood, middle level, and
secondary education
- Created the first multiple-institution, higher education preservice student cohort and linked it with
ongoing professional development for practicing teachers
- Supported secondary and elementary partner schools
- Participated in the Arts in Teaching and Teacher Education initiative (exploring the arts in the general
education of elementary teachers)
South Carolina Network for Educational Renewal
- Revised the teacher education programs at Winthrop University, the University of South Carolina,
Columbia College, and Furman University
- Created exemplary partner schools at both the elementary and secondary levels
- Developed variations of centers of pedagogy in all five institutions of higher education
- Survived the loss of both state support for school renewal and key leaders in the five-member
collaborative by developing cadres of leaders at each site who have continued to work on the Agenda
in spite of daunting challenges
- Obtained major federal funding to support expansion of the work, and the University of South Carolina
participated in the National Education Association's Teacher Education Initiative (NEA/TEI)
Texas A&M University
- Survived the loss of the dean and three key leadership associates; with interim leadership and a new
dean, it resurrected the Agenda and continued participation in the IEI Leadership Program; initiated its
own leadership program
- Revised the elementary and secondary teacher education programs
- Created exemplary partner schools at both the secondary and elementary levels
- Evaluated the elementary partner school program as a participant of the NEA/TEI--reported student
gains
- Became very active in the Well-Educated Teacher initiative (exploring alternative models of general
education for teachers in a democracy)
University of Southern Maine/Southern Maine Partnership
- Created exemplary partner schools; all students in new teacher education programs are part of cohorts
and placed in partner schools for clinical experiences
- Established new TEAMS cohort program, which comes as close to following the model of teacher
education outlined in Teachers for Our Nation's Schools as any program yet
- Continued its support of school renewal activities for thirteen years, contributing to stronger administrative
and teacher leadership
- Evaluated the elementary partner school program as a participant of the NEA/TEI
- Influenced state policy regarding teacher preparation and school renewal; provided leadership to the state
in developing portfolio assessment for students in schools and for preservice teachers
University of Texas at El Paso
- Focused successfully in partner schools on teacher preparation and the education of minority students
- Reported significant gains in student performance in major studies of partner schools
- Connected the school-university partnership with broader community partnership work
- Developed the Center for Professional Development and Technology as a step toward a center of
pedagogy
- Conducted a leadership program for six Texas border institutions
University of Washington
- Created a cohort-based, master's level teacher education program at the elementary and secondary
levels
- Created a divisional structure cutting across departments to support the programs; involved substantial
numbers of faculty in interdisciplinary teaching; focused on teacher education as a college-wide issue;
and changed faculty hiring practices to reflect this cultural shift
- Secured a permanent $500,000 addition to the biennium budget exclusively to support the division and
professional preparation programs
- Created a cohort-based principal-preparation program
- Became actively involved in the Arts in Teaching and Teacher Education initiative (for elementary school
teachers)
Wright State University
- Developed a strong partnership with an urban school district
- Created partner schools at the elementary and secondary levels
- Developed joint appointments in the arts and sciences and the College of Education
University of Wyoming/Wyoming School-University Partnership
- Expanded partnership efforts to include 96 percent of the school districts in the state, the Wyoming
Department of Education, and the state's community colleges
- Revised the teacher education program, focusing on cohorts and on more extensive field experiences;
secured a large federal grant to initiate partner schools in communities with large populations of
Hispanic and Native American students
- Developed professional development programs for educators in the state
- Created a technology support group for educators in the state
- Evaluated efforts as part of the NEA/TEI
- Broadened the base of understanding of the Agenda through a successful local leadership associates
program